Hucksters, tinkers, and peddlers

Out in the wilderness, far from the cities of the elven strangers, manufactured goods are hard to come by.  If they don't make it in your community, you'll have to get it from a wandering trader.

Ausrufer mit Hobeln

It's always an exciting day when the huckster comes to town.  Loaded up with plenty of doodads and knick-knacks, the huckster has a little bit of everything for sale.  Need some new shoes?  He's probably got a few (mismatched, of course).  Need a new musket?  She's probably got one that's in fairly good shape, just missing a screw or a spring.

Hucksters trade in odds and ends, the leftovers of manufacturing everywhere.  Like a convenience store selling loose cigarettes, hucksters are who you go to when you can't afford to buy the whole quantity at the general store in the next town over.

Peddler (Eric Sloane)

Roll to see what this wandering trader looks like, how they're carrying their goods, and what sort of goods they're most likely to have.

What they look like (d10)		appearance	typical goods
1-3	giant	(d4) 1: pack almost as big as its bearer, 2: pulling a travois, 3: pulling a sled, 4: pushing a one-wheeled cabinet	wide variety of goods and news
4-6	human (from a tribe)	(d4) 1: canoe full of tightly-wrapped bundles, 2: dog pulling a travois, 3: dog pulling a cart, 4: on snowshoes and hunched over with a big pack	agricultural products and metal implements
7-8	goblin	(d4) 1-2: big bundle slung over one shoulder, 3-4: many small bags	small scavenged valuables and metal items, drugs, bones, claws, shells
9-10	elf	(d4) 1-2: riding a fancy painted cart pulled by an ox/donkey, 3-4: group of elves carrying small packs	alchemical products, cloth goods, cookware

(If you're looking for a deeper character, try rolling up a random personality issue as well.)

Most hucksters follow a general circuit, making their rounds of the usual settlements over time.  Roll to see how long it's been since they were last here:

How long since the last visit (d8)
1	days, something happened to make them turn back
2-3	weeks, they have news from a nearby town
4-6	months, everyone is glad to see them
7-8	never been here before, might be a swindler

Roll to see where they've been recently that you might want to know about:

Recently been (d6)
1	at a nearby settlement, fort, or trading post, where something is wrong
2	selling something strange to enemies of the people who live here
3	in a hidden ruin, cave, shipwreck, etc.
4	selling shoddy goods to allies of the people who live here
5	in jail, held captive, chased by enemies
6	on a route they can't return by: bridge washed out, landslide, fallen trees, hostile people

a Chinese porter (William Alexander)

They've acquired something interesting that they're offering:

Something interesting (d10)
1	news about a great opportunity
2	rumors of danger
3	news about someone gathering followers
4	a tiny artifact from an ancient kingdom
5	a small sacred item lost by a human tribe during the apocalypse
6	a new invention that they're trying to sell
7	a key, an old doubloon, jewelry, a strange edible object
8	a part for some kind of machinery, something powered by clockwork
9	an old book, a certificate or bearer bond, a map, a contract that someone still cares about
10	a powerful alchemical product, but only a small quantity

If you want to buy something from a huckster, they'll usually sell it for up to 2× trading post prices.  Hucksters' goods aren't cheap, but you can buy in tiny quantities and you can find them out on the frontier.

This traveling trader has picked up something that they're tired of and would like to unload cheaply, for less than post price:

Trying to unload (d4)
1	perishable food: eggs, berries, mushrooms
2	clothing: a warm coat, a fine hat, some shoes
3	a tool/weapon that has something wrong with it: knife, lockpicks, axe, musket
4	some troublesome alchemical product

If you want to sell to a huckster, they'll take things off your hands for less than ½ post price.  You won't get rich selling to them, but you can make a little coin when you need it.

Roll to see what they're especially interesting in buying or trading for.  They'll pay extra for this:

Looking for (d6)
1	a new pack/canoe/cart, something to help them carry things and get around
2	something people make on the frontier: rope, pottery, cloth, cornmeal, dried fish
3	something nice to pass the time: alcohol, tobacco, a musical instrument
4	an armed escort to their next stop, a guide to get around an obstacle
5	something to use as a gift: a silver locket, shell beads, a golden bracelet, fine gems, a music box
6	an introduction to the leader of a town that does not allow outsiders

Tinker (Franz Feyerabend)

Most peddlers pick up some kind of skill on the road:

Skill (d6)
1	good at fixing things (goblin: good at identifying things)
2	entertaining: stories, jokes, singing
3	know all the trails and back ways for many miles around
4	owed favors by people all along their route
5	always have an inkling where you might find something
6	allowed in to places outsiders normally can't go

When the party wants to buy something from a huckster, you can usually use your GM sense to decide if it's available (A deer's jawbone? Sure, why not.  An axe handle?  Yeah, I guess so.  The jeweled scepter of the viceroy?  Definitely not.) but sometimes players ask for things that you haven't decided about.

If you're not sure the huckster has what they want, roll for a random response:

Do they have it? (d6)
1	They have exactly what you're looking for, but it'll cost you.
2	They have one, but it's broken or in bad shape.
3	They have only part of one, much less than you were looking for.
4	They had one just recently, but they traded it to someone.
5	They know who has one, but you won't like who it is.
6	They hear you can buy one at the store / trading post (somewhere nearby, if possible).

Japanese peddler 1901

Roll up your own random peddler:

random wandering trader
appearance
how long since the last visit
recently been
they have something interesting
trying to unload
looking for
skill
do they have it?

Strangers from a distant land

Recent years in the North have been dominated by the strange folks from over the sea, the empire that sent colonists and then vanished, never to be heard from again.

So far I've been calling these people "elves", but it's a very poor fit.  They're not forest-dwellers, not long-lived embodiments of human ideals; they're not archers, and I don't really care whether their ears are pointy.  (I guess they do manufacture toys more efficiently than anyone else, but Santa's elves these are not.)

Instead, these people are:

• from a coastal hot and dry climate
• physically weak, bad at throwing things
• hive-based, where only a few Mothers and Fathers in each city breed, while the rest work
• excellent tool-users, with nimble fingers and specialized tools
• flexible and acrobatic
• milk-drinkers and bread-eaters

To humans, tree goblins, and giants, these people are strange interlopers, outsiders who don't fit the usual understanding of life.

To the northern folk, these are the Strangers.  It's a North-centric term (no Stranger would call themselves one) but considering three of the four intelligent species are indigenous to the North, I don't mind leaning in their direction.

What they call themselves almost doesn't matter, as they've never dealt with other intelligent species until now.  When you don't know anyone else, you end up calling yourself something generic, like the People or the Ordinary Boys.

In the pseudo-American framework of Signs in the Wilderness, the strangers are inspired by English alchemists, sultans of Delhi, Malay pirates, master craftsmen of the Great Qing — people from all corners of the Old World, strange and exotic to the people of the New.

I'm still rolling the term around my head, but for now, I think I like calling the imperial folk Strangers.  A few terms I've considered lately:

• elves
• strangers
• imperials
• southerners

One thing is certain: I'd like to use a name that isn't entirely invented.  Calling them Strangers suggests something, that they're known for being outsiders, mysterious newcomers.  Calling them Abskiul or Marecun or Tsadelath doesn't really suggest anything at all.


(And yes, I'm being deliberately inconsistent with the capitalization of Stranger.  On the one hand, I haven't decided which I prefer.  On the other, I'll probably end up uſing more Capital Letters anyhow for that early modern Flair.)

I'd love to hear your thoughts and suggestions on the topic.  I imagine there's no perfect solution, but I'm sure there's one out there that's good enough.

The Great Migration

Migrations are a great way to cause trouble, and trouble usually leads to adventure.

American frontier history is full of migrations: the Lakota fleeing onto the Great Plains to escape the musket-wielding Ojibwe, the Oregon Trail drawing American settlers to the west, the Cree following the fur trading posts through Canada, the Mormons (and the Pilgrims before them) heading out to establish a holy city.  It's a long list.

So why do we care about migrations in a roleplaying game?

• They're often a consequence of a conflict.  Help the local people win a war, and the losing side might have to flee somewhere else.
• They cause conflict of their own.  Most places are already inhabited to some degree, so a bunch of newcomers showing up is likely to get folks ready for a fight.
• Migrations need resources.  Plenty a trader has gotten rich on selling goods to migrants passing through.  Someone's likely to hire guides and armed escorts.
• Migrations bring resources, too.  They might be the first ones in the area with guns, or they might be carrying sacks of gold to buy land.  Raiders might make a good living preying on these folks.

To create a great migration, you might find the following tables helpful.  As usual, you can roll randomly if you like, but you might just use the tables for inspiration.

Mitchell Pass, Oregon Trail - Todd Williams

Why migrate?

Pick two reasons from the table below.  The first is obvious and visible to outsiders; it's the reason you're likely to hear about.  The second is quieter, a reason that most outsiders don't know about.  It might even be a secret reason only the leadership knows about.
 

Why migrate? (d8)
1	A bountiful land full of resources beckons to those who are ambitious or desperate.
2	Enemies are driving them out to take their land.
3	Their livelihood is running out: the land is barren, the fish are gone, the mines have run out.
4	Fleeing from persecution, they want a place to live by their own ways.
5	They aim to build a utopia, a shining land of virtue and prosperity.
6	A prophecy, a vision, or a great spiritual teacher leads them into the wilderness.
7	Trade opportunities beckon: access to trading partners, guns, a port, a trade route.
8	They need to settle close to powerful allies.

Trail of Tears - J. Crosby

Difficult terrain

There's a major obstacle in the way of this migration, some kind of difficult terrain that's going to be hard for everyone.  Crossing this obstacle might be where the migration is most vulnerable.

Obstacle (d10)
1-2	a vast, trackless plain, bitterly cold in winter and blazing hot in summer
3-4	a rugged mountain range, nearly impassable under winter snow
5-6	a great expanse of swamps, lakes and/or rivers
7-8	a deep canyon, a high bluff, or a difficult portage bypassing a waterfall
9-10	a journey on open water: over the sea, across a strait, hopping from island to island

Waka - Charles Goldie and Louis J. Steele

Progress

Roll to see how the migration is progressing.

Progress (d6)
1	The migration is just talk so far. They do not know much about the destination yet.
2	An outsider has been to the destination and back. Everyone is intrigued by their report.
3	All the people are about to migrate in one large caravan.
4	Groups of dozens of people are just starting out now, armed and vigilant.
5	Families or very small groups are setting out, trying to keep out of sight.
6	Most of the people already traveled the first step a while ago, but they ran into problems and hunkered down. Now they have to decide whether to keep traveling or return home.

Handcart Company across the Sweetwater River - Clark Kelley Price

Surplus & shortage

People on this journey are going to need help.  Roll once on the chart below to see what they need most desperately.  Roll again to see what they have in abundance.

Surplus/Shortage (d8)
1	safety, forts to take refuge in, armed escorts, guns, powder
2	food, grazing for pack animals, water in a dry country
3	guides, maps and guidebooks, a navigator, an interpreter
4	warmth, shelter, suitable clothing for the weather
5	a safe place to cross an obstacle: a portage, pass, ford, strait, etc.
6	boats, wagons, snowshoes, draft oxen, porters
7	leadership, confidence, belief in their purpose
8	money, trade goods, permission to pass through someone's territory

Trading Post - Hubbell

If you get the same result for both rolls, treat each one differently.  Let's say you rolled a 6 for both (boats, wagons, snowshoes, draft oxen, porters).  They could have plenty of canoes for the river-borne part of the journey, but be desperately short on hands to carry everything over the portage from one river to the next.  Or some of the people could have oxen and good wagons, while the rest are stuck hauling everything on their backs.

Hard work ahead

The migrants believe they'll have a hard task ahead of them at the end of the road. They might believe this from prior experience, or because of rumors headed their way, or maybe by the words of a prophecy about their new home.

Hard Work (d6)
1	expel the people who live there already
2	defeat those who will follow after them
3	clear the wilderness to make room for settlement, felling trees, opening rivers, digging wells
4	build a great colony/city
5	learn how to survive in such a strange place
6	prepare for dark days to come: starvation, disease, cold weather

Clearing the Land (Quebec)

---

Roll up your own great migration:

a great migration
obvious reason
quiet reason
major obstacle
progress
in desperate need of
have in abundance
hard work ahead

Message for you, sir

After a long trek through the wilderness, the party makes it back to the watering hole at Flint Ridge.  Dirty and exhausted, they slump into their usual chairs.  There's a letter waiting for them with the tavern master.  The lieutenant digs out a shilling for it, then unfolds the letter.  Could it be news about the war?  Answers about the lost treasure?  A letter of credit to pay off the party's debts?

Ilya Repin, Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks

In a world where writing is magic, the post office is like the astral plane.  Secret messages, hidden money, many powerful things can be sent through the post office.

The colonial postal system almost didn't survive the apocalypse (hard to keep the mail going when no one's left to send any) but it's been a generation.  The viceroy, nominal ruler of the elven colonies, has reestablished post offices and messenger routes.  This is good for communication, but it also means the viceroy has agents visiting every major elven town, reporting back about the conditions and goings-on of the scattered colonies.

Getting a letter

In larger elven settlements there's a local post office.  Mail can be delivered to local addresses, though roving adventurers usually have things sent to the post office where they can pick them up.  Smaller outlying settlements aren't big enough for a post office, so there you can pick your mail up at the local tavern or the general store.

Unlike modern mail, in the colonies the recipient pays for correspondence.  If you don't pay for your mail, it ends up being thrown away.

Letters from another city cost a shilling (the usual small silver coin, worth half a day's wages or a ferry ride across a river).  Letters from across town cost only a penny or two.

Thomas Webster, A Letter from the Colonies

What they want (d6)
1	They want the party to do some work for them.
2	They want the party to stop interfering and go away.
3	They say the party owes them a debt.
4	They want to warn the party about danger.
5	They want information from the party.
6	They want to use one of the party's resources.

Why the party cares (d6)
1	They claim to be the authorities or powerful figures.
2	They have something the party wants.
3	They are offering to pay in some way.
4	The letter contains valuable information.
5	They are close to an enemy of the party.
6	The party owes them a debt.

a letter arrives for the party
what they want
why the party cares

Sending a letter

If you want to send a letter, there are a few different ways:

• Larger towns and cities have a post office, so you can drop your letter off there.
• In port towns, just hand your letter to the next ship captain headed to a major city.  They're supposed to drop it off with the postmaster when they arrive.
• Many inland settlements are visited by postal messengers on their route.  Wait for one to come along and you can hand your letter to them.
• You could entrust your letter with a member of the community (the innkeeper, the clerk of the general store, etc.) for them to hand off the letter for you.

So how long will it be till someone picks up your letter?

• From an elven city to the viceroy's capital in the Summer Isles (or vice versa), it'll be 1d6 days till a ship leaves carrying your letter.
• From one city to another, 1d4 weeks.
• To/from any other port settlement, 1d8 weeks.
• To/from any other elven settlement, 1d6 months.

Taconville, Messager Boiteaux

There are many reasons the party might send a letter:

• Asking for information: when a ship will sail, whether someone has been seen at an inn, where a lost ship was last seen, etc.
• Requesting money from their sponsor, likely in the form of a check or a letter of credit that could be turned in for coin at a bank.
• Mail ordering supplies.  Plenty of companies will do business through correspondence, shipping goods and accepting payment over a distance.
• Asking a friend for help.
• Impersonating someone powerful.
• Getting information published in a newspaper.
• Hiring someone to do a job.
• Blackmailing someone.
• Warning someone about danger.

Beyond the elven colonies and a few of their allies, the mail just doesn't get through.  Humans send runners with messages, giants memorize copious amounts of news on their wanderings, and goblins pass along a lot of garbled rumors.

Monstrous and ordinary

Let's talk about how to make a new type of monster out of an ordinary creature.

Monster is a fuzzy concept, but for now, we could do worse than assuming a monster is:

• an animal — A virus or an earthquake might be scary, but they don't feel like monsters.
• somewhat intelligent — If you can ascribe malice to a creature's actions, its deeds become villainous, not merely dangerous.
• feared for a reason — It has to actually be harmful to people for it to be a monster, something that's dangerous and hard to defeat.

I like starting with a creature people are already familiar with; not something fantastical, but something completely mundane, something you might have experience with yourself.  Instead of starting with an orc or a dragon, let's start with something simple: a crow.  (I'm assuming you have crows where you live.)

(Sue Coleman)

(You might also enjoy an earlier post on generating random creatures.)

Theme

What are crows associated with?  What do they feel like?  What kinds of stories do people tell about them?

Monstrous versions of regular creatures should probably stick to the same theme, amplifying and extending what those creatures feel like.  Using theme from the real world lets you build on your audience's preconceptions, on stories they've heard and ideas in the culture around them.

So what theme do crows go with?  Night, death, and trickery come to mind.  If you know stories about a creature, use them when you make a monstrous version of it.

crow from Resident Evil concept art

Characteristics

Crows have two out of the three monstrous characteristics already: they're fairly intelligent animals, but they aren't really feared by anyone.  Let's take a look at characteristics of crows and see what we find:

• intelligent, good at solving problems and making simple tools
• raucous, noisy, calling out to each other
• collect trinkets and shiny things
• daring, stealing tail feathers from eagles just to show off
• skittish, quick to flee from unexpected danger
• feed on just about everything, from carrion to small animals to grain

 

Haida raven (Bill Reid)

For each one of these bullet points, let's dial it up until we get something scary.

• The monstrous crow is intelligent, more so than any other animal.  They know how to make tools, pick locks, get into doors and closed rooms.

Not too scary by itself, but if these crow-like creatures are dangerous, you certainly wouldn't want them picking locks.

• They make noise to call for their friends and coordinate their actions.  They call for other dangerous creatures to arrive.  Things that gnaw bone and sip blood show up when monstrous crows cry out.
• They collect...how is collecting things supposed to be scary?  Maybe it's what they collect: skulls of creatures they've killed, deadly poisons, sharp blades.  Maybe it's how they collect them: taken from their living victims, mementos of people they've killed.  Maybe it's what they do with their trinkets: bait to lure in children, valuables to trade for...murderous stuff?

Using trinkets as bait fits well with their theme of trickery.

• They're not afraid of anyone.  Make some noise and throw things, and they'll fly off for a while.  But they're only tempted and angered when you chase them away.  Throw rocks at them and they'll come back for you one day.  Monstrous crows live for the daring assault on a prideful victim.
• They're always watchful.  It's very hard to sneak up on them, as they're always looking over their shoulders and stopping to listen for sounds.  At the first sign of danger, they flee to watch from a safe distance.  (This isn't scary yet, so let's dial it up a bit further.)  They listen for every sound, knowing when your heart is beating a bit faster, when you've cocked the hammer back on your gun.  They pay attention to everything around and are constantly thinking about plans for escaping danger.
• They eat everything, but most importantly they eat people.  Individual crows are pretty small and weak to take down a person, but we know these ones work as a team and use tools, so if they're hungry, they can certainly take down a human.

It sounds like we're getting to something scary here.  Glossy black birds that watch from the trees at night, watching for lone people to kill.  They call out for their cohort when they find a target, and by the time you know they're around, they've already been watching you, observing every move you make.  And when they decide to strike, they'll come at you from all around, eat your flesh, then each take a little trinket of you as they fly away.

Signs

The best monsters don't just pop up out of nowhere.  Tension and fear build up as protagonists stumble across signs of the monster's presence, signs that they too could become its prey.

Some signs of these monstrous crows: trinkets of the dead used to lure people in, cawing to call for the others once you're already alone and deep in the woods, footprints of scavengers that take the bones from crow kills, leftovers from previous prey (bones cracked open, possessions with all the shiny pieces stripped off).

Consider signs of a monster from its footprints, voice, remnants of its food, things it plays with.

Monsters also end up with rumors about them.  The local people tell stories that are mostly true, or at least based on a kernel of truth, but with exaggerations and shortcomings.  Rumors about a monster should probably stick to the themes of the creature.

Inaccurate rumors about monstrous crows: that they can see in the dark, that they're afraid of light, that the sound of creaking branches is actually them, that any small discarded item you find is bait by the crows.

Vulnerability

Every monster is vulnerable in some way.  It could be a single spot, like Smaug's missing scale (or Achilles' heel, I guess), or it could be something less substantial, like greed or self-loathing.

My favorite method is to draw the monster's vulnerability from the same characteristics that make it scary.  Considering attributes of the crow, let's pick one or two as vulnerabilities:

• collect trinkets
• daring

These crows are intelligent and cautious, but they can be lured into making mistakes if the trinket is alluring enough.  So what do they like enough to risk their lives for?  I'm guessing shiny, round objects, tools that help them get food, unobtainable mementos of dangerous creatures. 

More monsters!

Here are a few more monstrous versions of ordinary creatures you might enjoy:

• Raccoons — They grab their prey with their dexterous hands, then drown their prey in streams.  They're much larger than ordinary raccoons, strong enough to grab a person and hold them under the water.  They ought to be more concerned by the presence of other creatures, but they're not.
• Skunks — They spray a terrible noxious fluid that causes sickness and death, and also stains your skin.  They seem like they'd be cute and friendly, but they'll spray you, wait for you to die, then nibble on your corpse.  They're overly reliant on their spray for defense, so any creature that's immune to it has a major advantage.
• Porcupines — They can shoot their barbed quills quite some distance.  They can climb just about anywhere, waiting patiently to strike when people come too close.  Their bellies are soft and vulnerable.
• Buffalo — Thundering giants of muscle and horn, they get together as a group and run through buildings and fields, trampling people to death and destroying their livelihood.  They flatten whole villages that encroach on their territory.  They're prone to panic, though, if too many buffalo in the group become frightened.

 

raccoon washing cell phone

The Hunger River

For this post, I'm rolling up a completely random region where some kind of trouble is happening.

Alaskan river (NOAA)

 

The Hunger River

(As if that's not an ominous name to roll up.)

Up north, where the nights are long and the days are cold, the Hunger River winds its way through valleys with steep bluffs, carved by glaciers long ago.  Stunted short-needle conifers (fir and larch) reach awkwardly for the sky.  People use their needles as medicine against scurvy, their white wood for carving, and their branches for bedding.

There are many smaller streams in this country, along with slender lakes and cascading waterfalls.  Most flow to the river.

Folks around here live in fear of the fire crow, a clever bird that preys on humans.  By day, it looks like a pale-colored crow.  At night, it can make itself glow like firelight, luring in lost travelers looking for warmth.  Its feathers are poisonous, deadly even to the touch.  The fire crow is clever enough to leave its fallen feathers in places where a human might touch them, then feast on their corpses.

Firebird (Yelena Polenova)

There are wolves and black bears in this land, too, along with huckleberries to gather in the fall and ducks to hunt.

The Gristle Chewers

The local humans are a tribe called the Sagayeka, the "gristle chewers".  They once had a great wild goose hunt each summer, but since the Starving Time the geese have dwindled in number, and none have been seen in these parts for years.

People say the Gristle Chewers are bold and courageous, good to have at your side in a fight.  They live in ten little settlements of lean-tos, painted with signs of owls thought to keep fire crows away.  They are skilled archers and good at sneaking up on enemies.

traditional inland Salish shelter

The Gristle Chewers make little coracles to travel on the river, hides stretched over wooden frames.  They wear warm hats made of squirrel fur.

The men are the woodcarvers, in charge of deciding where to settle, and they handle death rituals.  The women are the hunters and the ones who ultimately settle disputes.

subarctic caribou hunters

Like many people of the north, the Chewers practice antler burial.  Their men carve figurines of prey or enemies out of antlers, then bury them in hidden places in the wilderness to ask the spirits for help and protection in battle.

a shed antler

A few years ago, a larger tribe of humans showed up from the south, fleeing from danger and in need of help.  The Gristle Chewers gave them food and shelter, but now fear their numbers.

The Buffalo People

The Tontaka "buffalo people" are the new arrivals in the Hunger River country.  They once lived somewhere far to the south, where the men hunted wood buffalo and the women grew corn, until they were driven out by a tribe armed with guns.

Buffalo Hunt (George Catlin)

A few years ago, they fled through tree goblin territory not far south of here, where the goblins killed and devoured many of the tribe.  Ragged and bloody, the survivors reached the Hunger River valley and sought shelter with the Gristle Chewers.

One day they will have their vengeance against the tree goblins, who still watch this land from their forests to the south.

At this point, the Buffalo People have the Chewers under their thumb.  They pay tribute in food and labor to the Buffalo People, fearing reprisals if they do otherwise.

Today the Buffalo People live in six large settlements, one for each of the six clans.  A council of high-born elders gathers periodically to make decisions for the tribe.  Their homes are made of hides over a wooden frame, easy to dismantle and move to a new site.  Whenever they settle in a new place, they set up a standing stone.

The tribe is known as trainers and breeders of the best dogs, used for hunting and to pull sledges over grass and snow.  You can recognize Buffalo People by their hair, shaven into a mohawk.

dog pulling travois

The men do all the warfare, hunting, and woodcarving, while the women do weaving and settle disputes.  In the old country the women grew corn and made corn husk dolls, but it's too cold for corn here.

Traditionally, the Buffalo People feared the influence of witchcraft.  They wore copper medallions with embossed designs to ward off evil, kept hidden under their clothing.  At each meal, the head of the family tossed a bit of corn or fruit onto the home fire to keep evil out.  Some of the old men were seen as prophets, speaking of how evil and ignorance must be replaced by wisdom, and then there will be peace among the nations.

In general, the men still follow the old ways, but most of the women have abandoned the old religion, taking up antler burial instead as a way to protect their families.

Crow Meadow

The largest settlement of the Buffalo People is at a place called Crow Meadow.  They've lived here for years, since first arriving in this country.

It's a meadow in a wide valley with an easy trail leading to it.  If you approach the village, they'll send someone out to greet you, and if you're not threatening they'll invite you to come and meet the chief.

Kids are playing in the creek nearby when you arrive.  The settlement itself is surrounded by a ditch filled with wooden spikes.  There are twenty-two hide huts, all facing towards a standing stone in the middle.  There are many dogs here, wiry ones good at pursuing prey.

Recently, the people of Free Camp (belonging to a different clan) made some kind of insult.  In response, young men from Crow Meadow snuck in and painted rude figures all over Free Camp's standing stone.

Now Crow Meadow is expecting some kind of retaliation, about which rumors abound.  But while they're expecting something fairly small, the men of Free Camp have just sworn an oath of vengeance.  They're tired of a long history of slights from Crow Meadow, and they intend to do something about it.

Adventurers

As usual, I rolled up some random great opportunities to get some ideas for entry points into the setting: migrants trying to make a home in a new land, and preaching the word amidst religious strife. These fit quite well with the story so far, and suggested a few ways to stir up more trouble:

• The adventurers are desperate refugees themselves, roaming into the Hunger River region, looking for a new home.
• A survivor of the lost seventh clan of the Buffalo People comes straggling down to Crow Meadow one day.  The rest of the clan is still alive, living just on the other side of the goblin woods.  They're trapped between the fearsome goblins and hostile people to the south, and want to migrate north to join the others.
• All these people abandoning the protections against witchcraft may turn out to be a mistake.  Signs of witches have been seen: strange bloody carvings on trees, unexplained deaths, dogs born with three eyes.
• The geese stopped coming after the Starving Time, but it's not because they died.  It's because the spirits that dwell in this land aren't being treated the way they used to be.  Too many of the elders of the people died out in those days, and the proper way of carving antler amulets died with them.  Someone needs to contact the spirits and teach proper antler burial to the people.

In some ways, this setup looks more like a Dogs in the Vineyard game, where the player characters roam from one village to another, solving problems and instituting justice.

If any characters are from this land, they're going to have a vested interest in the success of one group or another.  War is likely to break out, in several different ways.

If the party has guns or other fancy elven equipment, they're likely to be a formidable fighting force.  They're also likely to completely upset the nature of the Hunger River country by introducing new technology.

If the party has any specialized knowledge, someone's likely to try and kidnap them to make them work for the local authorities.

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By the way, I just started a subreddit for Signs in the Wilderness content, since that site is where I've had most of the discussions online about this setting.

Getting a feel for different species of people

I've written a little about the biology of the four species of people, but that's not an easy place to jump in.  In this post, I'm not going to talk about how their bodies work or what they make their homes out of.

Let's talk about what these people feel like.

We'll start with the most stereotypical views, what outsiders think of each species.  Afterwards, we'll look at variations, and how to adapt them for your own campaign.

Humans

Humans are the most like adventurers.  They're rowdy, bold, and hungry: hungry for knowledge and money and power.  They're noisy, with barking dogs and a fearsome battle cry.  Humans come to town and there's gonna be a brawl or a party, or maybe a mix of both.

For an outsider's perspective on humans, think pirates and nomads and outlaws, roving teams of deadly hunters, ragged fearsome bands carving out their survival in the post-apocalyptic wilderness.

a wedding haka

(Read about the people of the Ashen Council, or how to roll up your own human town.)

Giants

Giants are fur-trapping mountain men, pensive loners.  They're quiet and brooding, wandering the land fishing and watching the stars, remembering the stories passed down from their grandmothers' grandmothers.

Giants would rather leave you alone.  But if you harm a giant, they will never forget, and they will bring vengeance down upon you, and their descendants will tell the tale for generations.

For a giant, think of an old prospector, a ranger in the woods, a self-reliant hobo riding the rails with stories to tell and a keen glint in their eye.

a Mongolian herder

(Read about their great annual gatherings, or how they trade the stars.)

Colonials

Colonials are a bit like you and me, something like modern day people.  They're city folk, a product of a civilized world.  Colonials are suited for comfortable houses full of manufactured goods, social organizations with books full of rules, and mixed drinks with too many ingredients.

Take away their coffee and their indoor plumbing and they're pretty much lost.  The end of the world has been especially hard on the colonials.  They're not really the wilderness survival type.

But despite all their weaknesses in this dark age, colonials are rich.  In their few remaining cities, the remnant of empire has amazing gadgets and powerful weapons, libraries full of knowledge and vaults full of artifacts of the old world.

Imagine law-abiding clergymen and diligent chemists, by-the-book naval officers and studious accountants, ordinary folk who distressingly find themselves carrying a gun these days.

Aurangzeb, Mughal emperor

(Read about colonial alchemy, or the last remnant of their empire.)

Goblins

Goblins are the backwoods clan you don't want to stumble across.  Get on their good side and they're known for their hospitality.  They'll feed you some kind of meat and give you weird stuff to smoke and ask all manner of nosy questions about what your kind of people do for fun and how shoes are supposed to work and why you're not married yet.

But most folks are not on their good side.  Goblins are the reason you don't go too far into the woods.  They're sharp teeth and haunting calls.  They're not afraid of outsiders; they lure them in just to get a fresh meal.  They've got strange medicines and hexes and hoodoo.

Goblins are curious about the world, yet they're sure they know how it really all works.  They're eager for news even though they're sure it's all some conspiracy they're glad to be avoiding by staying at home.

porch sitting

(Read what goblins think of writing, or how they ambush prey.)

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Now that you know what's typical, it's time to make some changes for your own setting.  For each of these species, you could choose two attributes from the table below.

1. They're overly _____, almost absurdly so.
2. They're not really as _____ as people say.

Traits (d8)	humans	elves	giants	goblins
1	brave	polite	vengeful	suspicious
2	noisy	legalistic	quiet	curious
3	aggressive	eloquent	observant	fond of complaining in solidarity
4	boastful	ritualistic	pensive	good at reading people
5	adventurous	arrogant	practical	loyal
6	heroic	scheming	dour	skittish
7	celebratory	secretive	fond of appealing to history	proudly unrefined
8	casually violent	meticulous	pedantic	excitable

typical traits
Humans are overly...
Humans aren't all that...
Elves are overly...
Elves aren't all that...
Giants are overly...
Giants aren't all that...
Goblins are overly...
Goblins aren't all that...

Player-characters are the protagonists of a roleplaying game, so if anyone's going to be an unusual example of their species, it's probably them.  You could use the traits above as a guideline, but don't let them be a straitjacket.  Feel free to portray your character (PC or NPC) however you like.

(Edit: This post originally used the term "elves" to refer to what I'm calling "colonials".  The name never really fit well.)